This fact has important macroscopic consequences. The result is also valid for irreversible processes in adiabatic systems, in which there is no heat transfer with the outside. We know that, in an isolated system, the disorder or entropy increases with each physical irreversible process until it reaches a maximum. If a Markov process leads to a statistic that is independent of the sample when the number of events is large, then we have an ergodic process.Įntropy is, therefore, a measure of uncertainty, surprise, or information related to a choice between a certain number of possibilities when we consider ergodic processes. When the choice of symbols of a stochastic process depends on the symbols or events previously chosen, we have a Markov process. When we have processes in which we choose symbols by a set of probabilities, we deal with stochastic processes. The probability that after a there is a vowel is much higher than the probability that there is an, for example. Think of a message written in English, in which we compose the words with the symbols of the usual alphabet. In real processes, the probability of choosing a symbol is not independent of previous choices. We compose a message choosing among possible symbols in an alphabet. The symbol sequences of a message have, in general, different probabilities.
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